I. Constantinus’un Hristiyanlığı meselesi ve ölümü hakkındaki tartışmalar
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Date
2017-07-31
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Roma’nın en çok iz bırakan imparatorlarından biri olan I. Constantinus MS 270’lerde Naissus’da doğdu. Babası I. Constantius Chlorus (MS 305-306) Roma ordusunda görev yapan İllirya kökenli bir generaldi. İmparator Diocletianus’un MS 305’de tahtan çekilmesiyle babasının augustus ilan edilmesinin ardından onun Boulogne’daki kampına katıldı. Britanya’ya düzenledikleri sefer sırasında babası ölünce askerleri tarafından augustus ilan edilse de Doğu augustusu olan Galerius onu caesar olarak tanıdı. MS 312’deki Milvius Köprüsü Savaşında Maxentius’u yenerek imparatorluğun batısına hakim oldu. MS 313’de Doğu augustusu Licinius ile Mediolanum’da bir araya gelerek imparatorluğu paylaştılar ve Hristiyanlığa yasal bir nitelik kazandıran Milano Fermanı’nı imzaladılar. Ancak tüm imparatorluğa hakim olmak isteyen I. Constantinus bir dizi mücadele sonunda MS 324’de Licinius’u yenerek tek başına Roma imparatoru oldu. Bundan sonraki süreçte Constantinus açıkça Hristiyanları kayıran bir politika izledi. Bununla birlikte resmi olarak Hristiyanlığı ölüm döşeğine kadar kabul etmedi. Bu nedenle birçok araştırmacı onun siyasi nedenlerle Hristiyanlığı kabul ettiğine inanır. İmparator doğudaki Sasaniler üzerine çıktığı sefer sırasında hastalanır ve MS 337’de Nikomedia’da hayatını kaybeder. I. Constantinus günümüz dünyasını etkileyen iki önemli karar almıştır. Bu kararlardan ilki Hristiyanlığı serbest bırakması ve desteklemesi, ikincisi ise Constantinopolis’i yeni başkent seçmesidir.
Constantine, one of the most remarkable emperors of Rome, was born in Naissus in 270 BC. His father, Constantinus I Chlorus (305-306 AD), was an Illyrian general who served in Roman army. After Emperor Diocletian's withdrawal of the throne in 305 AD his father was declared as Augustus and Constantine joined his father’s campaign in Boulogne. After his father’s death during their campaign to the north of Scotland, the army proclaimed Constantine as Augustus. However the eastern Augustus, Galerius, recognized him as a Caesar, instead of an Augustus. He dominated the western part of the empire by defeating Maxentius in the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD. Constantine and the eastern Augustus Licinius met in Mediolanum in 313 AD and shared the empire then they signed the Edict of Milan which gave Christianity a legal status within the Empire. However, Constantine, who was planning to dominate the whole empire, defeated Licinius in 324 AD at the end of a series of struggles and he became the unique emperor of the Roman Empire. From this moment on, he pursued a policy in favor of Christians. On the other hand he did not accept Christianity officially until his death. For this reason, many researchers believe that he accepted Christianity for political reasons. The emperor got ill during his Sassanid campaign and died in Nicomedia in 337 AD. Constantine has made two important decisions that affect today's world. The first one of these decisions is to release and support Christianity, and the second is to choose Constantinople as the new capital.
Constantine, one of the most remarkable emperors of Rome, was born in Naissus in 270 BC. His father, Constantinus I Chlorus (305-306 AD), was an Illyrian general who served in Roman army. After Emperor Diocletian's withdrawal of the throne in 305 AD his father was declared as Augustus and Constantine joined his father’s campaign in Boulogne. After his father’s death during their campaign to the north of Scotland, the army proclaimed Constantine as Augustus. However the eastern Augustus, Galerius, recognized him as a Caesar, instead of an Augustus. He dominated the western part of the empire by defeating Maxentius in the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312 AD. Constantine and the eastern Augustus Licinius met in Mediolanum in 313 AD and shared the empire then they signed the Edict of Milan which gave Christianity a legal status within the Empire. However, Constantine, who was planning to dominate the whole empire, defeated Licinius in 324 AD at the end of a series of struggles and he became the unique emperor of the Roman Empire. From this moment on, he pursued a policy in favor of Christians. On the other hand he did not accept Christianity officially until his death. For this reason, many researchers believe that he accepted Christianity for political reasons. The emperor got ill during his Sassanid campaign and died in Nicomedia in 337 AD. Constantine has made two important decisions that affect today's world. The first one of these decisions is to release and support Christianity, and the second is to choose Constantinople as the new capital.
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Keywords
Büyük Constantinus, Hristiyanlık, Roma İmparatorluğu, Sasaniler, Constantine the Great, Christianity, Roman Empire, Sassanians
Citation
Doğancı, K. (2017). “I. Constantinus’un Hristiyanlığı meselesi ve ölümü hakkındaki tartışmalar”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(33), 493-517.