Platon’da demokratia kavramı
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Date
2015
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Halkın elinde bulundurduğu kamusal güç olarak tanımını yapabileceğimiz demokrasi kavramı insanların her dönemde ilgilendiği ve içeriğine farklı anlamlar yüklediği bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu kavramı felsefe alanda tartışan ve kavramla ilgili oluşan sorunlara yönelik yanıt denemesine girişen Platon demokratia kavramını diğer yönetim biçimleri (timarkhia, oligarkhia, patriarkhia, tyranlık) arasındaki dönüşümlere bağlı olarak ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele almıştır. Bu çalışmada Platon’un demokratia anlayışını temellendirmek üzere filozofun demokrasiye ilişkin kaygılarını daha iyi anlayabilmek için demokratia kavramının Eski Yunan’da nasıl bir düşünce -eylem alanı bulduğuna değinilecek ve buna bağlı olarak kavramın felsefi alanda filozofun eserlerinde nasıl tartışıldığı Devlet, Devlet Adamı ve Yasalar diyalogları temel diyaloglar olarak ele alınarak araştırılacaktır. Çalışmamızda ileri sürülecek tez ise Platon’un demokratia karşıtı bir tavır sergilemesidir. Her ne kadar düşünür, olgunluk ve yaşlılık olarak ifade edebileceğimiz dönemlerinde yer yer demokratia’ya yönelik ılımlı bir tavır içine girse de söz konusu yönetim biçiminin toplumu yozlaşmaya götüreceğini de ısrarla vurgulamaktadır.
Democracy, which could be defined as the power of the folk appears to be a concept that have interested people of every age and have gained different meanings. Plato, while discussing this concept in philosophy and trying to answer the problems about it has handled the concept of democratia in detail, according to the transformations between the administration forms (timocracy, tyranny, oligarchy, patriarchy). According to Plato, the democratia as an existing regime will lead the society to political corruption. At this point, it should be made a discrimination between the concepts of conversion and degeneration. Though conversion which makes something into object a process is a concept that is inquired into epistemological and ontological basis, degeration which isn’t comply with principle concerning existence is concept inquired into ethics basis. Research about democratia is a concept which should be inquired into both epistemological-ontological and ethics basis. The reason for conversion (metaboleus, eos) and degeration (etheo; etho) in the democratic governance arises from equality and liberty which go overboard in public. On that sense democratia is similar to anarchy. İn fact people (man) is sceptreless, free, uncircumscribed, but man: equal unclassed, tribeless, and nationless, exempt from awe, worship, degree, the king over himself. Society which goesthe rounds anarchy falls short of one’s goal. This goal arises from concepts of eudaimonia (happiness) and ethos (ethics). The goal is toreach a just society. İf anarchism sways in a social, the social will fall short of one’s goals. This goal come out concepts of eudaimonia and ethos. The goal is to reach a virtous society, just. Even though it isn’t possible to reach entirely this in sensible universe, it should be created the closest of government to the ideal form of community.
Democracy, which could be defined as the power of the folk appears to be a concept that have interested people of every age and have gained different meanings. Plato, while discussing this concept in philosophy and trying to answer the problems about it has handled the concept of democratia in detail, according to the transformations between the administration forms (timocracy, tyranny, oligarchy, patriarchy). According to Plato, the democratia as an existing regime will lead the society to political corruption. At this point, it should be made a discrimination between the concepts of conversion and degeneration. Though conversion which makes something into object a process is a concept that is inquired into epistemological and ontological basis, degeration which isn’t comply with principle concerning existence is concept inquired into ethics basis. Research about democratia is a concept which should be inquired into both epistemological-ontological and ethics basis. The reason for conversion (metaboleus, eos) and degeration (etheo; etho) in the democratic governance arises from equality and liberty which go overboard in public. On that sense democratia is similar to anarchy. İn fact people (man) is sceptreless, free, uncircumscribed, but man: equal unclassed, tribeless, and nationless, exempt from awe, worship, degree, the king over himself. Society which goesthe rounds anarchy falls short of one’s goal. This goal arises from concepts of eudaimonia (happiness) and ethos (ethics). The goal is toreach a just society. İf anarchism sways in a social, the social will fall short of one’s goals. This goal come out concepts of eudaimonia and ethos. The goal is to reach a virtous society, just. Even though it isn’t possible to reach entirely this in sensible universe, it should be created the closest of government to the ideal form of community.
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Keywords
Devlet, Yasa, Ahlak, Akıl, Devlet adamı, Eğitim (Paideia), Democratia, Republic, Law, Ethics, Mind, Statesman, Education (Paideia)
Citation
Yıldızdöken, Ç. (2015). "Platon’da demokratia kavramı". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 25, 59-75.