Keles yöresi kiraz bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarının toprak, yaprak ve meyve analizleri ile değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2020-02-12
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Verim ve kalitenin arttırılmasında kültürel uygulamalar arasında gübrelemenin önemi oldukça fazla olup, bu uygulamaların toprak ve bitki analizleri sonucunda bilimsel verilere dayalı bilinçli bir şekilde yapılması hem ekonomik, hem de çevrenin korunması açısından da önem arzetmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Bursa ili, Keles ilçesinde farklı lokasyonlarda yer alan beş kiraz (Prunus avium L.) bahçesinden 0-30 cm ve 30-60 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri yanı sıra bitkilerden yaprak ve meyve örnekleri alınarak besin elementi analizleri yapılmış, sonuçlar referans değerlerle karşılaştırılarak toprakların verimlilik durumları ile bitkilerin beslenme sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kiraz yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların genel olarak kumlu killi tın bünyeli, 7.40-8.72 arasında değişen pH’ya (1:2.5 w/v), 364-612 µS cm-1 arasında EC’ye, % 0.41-48.83 arasında CaCO3 ’ a ve % 0.69-3.45 arasında değişen oranlarda organik maddeye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Topraklar arasında besin elementlerinin yetersiz ve fazla sınırlar arasında olduğu alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinde toplam azot % 0.028-0.200, yarayışlı fosfor 2.60-17.32 mg kg-1 olarak belirlenirken, ekstrakte edilebilir potasyum, kalsiyum ve magnezyum sırasıyla 33.00-326.00 mg kg-1 , 6215-10835 mg kg-1 ve 469.81-785.40 mg kg-1 arasında belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin azot (% 1.87-3.09) ve fosfor (% 0.19-0.22) içerikleri yeterli sınırına yakın ve yeterli sınırları arasında, potasyum (% 1.04- 1.66), magnezyum (% 0.35-0.59) ve demir (37.93-65.18 mg kg-1 ) içerikleri yeterli sınır değerlerinin altında belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin kalsiyum (% 1.08-1.80) ve bakır (9.38-12.40 mg kg-1 ) içerikleri ise sınırın üzerinde bulunmuştur. Bitki ve toprak özellikleri yanı sıra elementler arasındaki interaksiyonlar, yaprak ve meyvedeki besin elementi konsantrasyonlarında farklılığa neden olmuştur. Topraklarının pH değerleri ile CaCO3 içerikleri (r=0.755**) arasında %1 düzeyinde önemli pozitif, toprakların Mn (r= -0.952**) ve Fe içerikleri (r= -0.792**), yaprakların Ca (r= -0.791**) ve P (r= -0.647**) içerikleri ile % 1, Mg (r= -0.637*), Cu (r= -0.595*) ve Zn (r= - 0.528*) içerikleri ile % 5 düzeyinde önemli negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlarından yöredeki üreticilerin bilinçsiz ve toprak ile bitki analizi sonuçlarına dayalı olmayan bir gübreleme programı izlediği, organik gübre kullanımına yeterince önem vermedikleri görülmüştür. Kimyasal ve ya organik gübre çeşit ve dozları ile uygulama yöntem ve zamanlarının mutlak surette toprak ve yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre programlanmasının, gereksiz gübre kullanımının önlenmesinin ve üreticilerin bu konuya hassasiyet göstermesinin yöredeki kiraz üretiminde kalite ve ürün artışı için gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Among cultural practices fertilization; is very important in increasing yield and quality, and also for both economic and environmental protection it mustbe made consciously based scientifically as a result of soil and plant analysis. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of cherry orchards (Prunus avium L.) and the fertility status of the soils in Bursa city Keles district. Soil samples from 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths, as well as leaf and fruit samples were taken from five gardens, nutrient analyses were performed and the results were compared with reference values. Soils have generally sandy clay loam texture, a pH value ranges between 7.40-8.72 (1:2.5 w/v), EC value ranges between 364-612 µS cm-1 , CaCO3 value ranges between % 0.41-48.83 and organic matter ranges between % 0.69-3.45. Among the analysed soils, the areas was determined where the nutrients in inadequate, within limits and in excess amounts. In soils; total nitrogen and available phosphorus were determined between 0.028- 0.200 % and 2.60- 17.32 mg kg-1 respectively. Ekstractable potassium, calcium and magnesium were determined between 33-326 mg kg-1 , 6215-10835 mg kg-1 and 469-785 mg kg-1 respectively. The nitrogen (1.87-3.09%) and phosphorus (0.19-0.22%) contents of the plants were found close to and between the limits however, potassium (1.04-1.66%), magnesium (0.35-0.59%) and iron (37.93-65.18 mg kg-1 ) were found below the limit values. The calcium (1.08-1.80%) and copper (9.38-12.40 mg kg-1 ) contents of the plants were above the limit. Plant and soil properties as well as interactions between the elements caused differences in nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruits. The relationship between soil pH values and CaCO3 content of the soils (r = 0.755 **) were found positively significant at 1% level. The relation between soils Mn (r = -0.952 **) and Fe contents (r = -0.792 **), leaves Ca (r = -0.791) **) and P (r = -0.647 **) content was significant with 1%, the negative relationship with leaves Mg (r = -0.637 *), Cu (r = -0.595 *) and Zn (r = -0.528 *) content were found with 5% level. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the local producers followed a fertilization program which was not conscious of soil and plant analysis results and did not give enough importance to the use of organic fertilizers. It was concluded that chemical and organic fertilizer types and dosage, application methods and time must be programmed according to soil and leaf analysis results, prevention of unnecessary fertilizer usage and producers' sensitivity to this subject is necessary for quality and product increase in cherry production in the region
Among cultural practices fertilization; is very important in increasing yield and quality, and also for both economic and environmental protection it mustbe made consciously based scientifically as a result of soil and plant analysis. This study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of cherry orchards (Prunus avium L.) and the fertility status of the soils in Bursa city Keles district. Soil samples from 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depths, as well as leaf and fruit samples were taken from five gardens, nutrient analyses were performed and the results were compared with reference values. Soils have generally sandy clay loam texture, a pH value ranges between 7.40-8.72 (1:2.5 w/v), EC value ranges between 364-612 µS cm-1 , CaCO3 value ranges between % 0.41-48.83 and organic matter ranges between % 0.69-3.45. Among the analysed soils, the areas was determined where the nutrients in inadequate, within limits and in excess amounts. In soils; total nitrogen and available phosphorus were determined between 0.028- 0.200 % and 2.60- 17.32 mg kg-1 respectively. Ekstractable potassium, calcium and magnesium were determined between 33-326 mg kg-1 , 6215-10835 mg kg-1 and 469-785 mg kg-1 respectively. The nitrogen (1.87-3.09%) and phosphorus (0.19-0.22%) contents of the plants were found close to and between the limits however, potassium (1.04-1.66%), magnesium (0.35-0.59%) and iron (37.93-65.18 mg kg-1 ) were found below the limit values. The calcium (1.08-1.80%) and copper (9.38-12.40 mg kg-1 ) contents of the plants were above the limit. Plant and soil properties as well as interactions between the elements caused differences in nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruits. The relationship between soil pH values and CaCO3 content of the soils (r = 0.755 **) were found positively significant at 1% level. The relation between soils Mn (r = -0.952 **) and Fe contents (r = -0.792 **), leaves Ca (r = -0.791) **) and P (r = -0.647 **) content was significant with 1%, the negative relationship with leaves Mg (r = -0.637 *), Cu (r = -0.595 *) and Zn (r = -0.528 *) content were found with 5% level. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the local producers followed a fertilization program which was not conscious of soil and plant analysis results and did not give enough importance to the use of organic fertilizers. It was concluded that chemical and organic fertilizer types and dosage, application methods and time must be programmed according to soil and leaf analysis results, prevention of unnecessary fertilizer usage and producers' sensitivity to this subject is necessary for quality and product increase in cherry production in the region
Description
Keywords
Kiraz, Cherry, Besin elementleri, Nutrient elements, Interaction, Yield, Interaksiyon, Verim
Citation
Çelik, H. ve Urhan, G. (2020). "Keles yöresi kiraz bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarının toprak, yaprak ve meyve analizleri ile değerlendirilmesi". Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(1), 185-200