Jean Paul Sartre'ın özgürlük anlayışı
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Date
2018-05-25
Authors
Akkoç, Nejla
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Özgürlük sorunu insanlık tarihiyle başlayan en önemli meselelerden biridir. Felsefe tarihindeki birçok filozof ve yazar insan varlığını tür olarak ele almaya başladığı andan itibaren özgürlük problemiyle hesaplaşmak durumunda kalmıştır. Nitekim 20. yüzyılda yaşayan ve yaşadığı dönemin sorunlarına ayna tutan, düşünceleri ve eylemleriyle toplumu derinden etkileyen Jean Paul Sartre da bu yazarlar arasında yer almaktadır. Sartre'ın özgürlük düşüncesi, onun insan anlayışına dayanmaktadır, bunun temelinde de varlık anlayışı vardır. İnsanı 'kendi için varlık' ve 'kendinde varlık' görüşü etrafında şekillendirip anlamlandırmaya çalışan Sartre, bu çerçeve içinde özgürlük anlayışını ortaya koymuştur. İnsan varlık olarak nedir? Tür olarak insanın özelliği nedir? Özgürlük kavramının temellerinden biri insana dair hem bir talep hem de bir olanak olmasından dolayı, bunların imkânı nedir? Türünden soruları kendisine dert edinen Sartre, insanı varlık temelinde özgürlük olarak ele alır.Özgürlüğü insan varlığının bir yapısı ve dokusu olarak ele alan Sartre, insanın var olduğunu andan itibaren özgür olduğunu, var olması ve özgür olmasının bir ve aynı şey olduğunu söyler. İnsan baştan ayağa, tümüyle özgürdür. Kendisini bu dünyada bırakılmış ve fazladan olarak bulan bilinç varlığı insan, özü önceden belirlenmemiş olduğu için eylemleriyle ve seçimleriyle kendini yeniden var edecek ve kuracaktır. Bu noktada insanın özgürlüğe mahkûm olduğunu söyleyen Sartre'ın özgürlükten kastettiği şey elbette ki mutlak anlamda bir başıboşluk veya serbestlik değildir. Kişi tüm eylemlerinden, yapıp etmelerinden sadece kendi adına değil, bütün insanlık adına sorumludur. Sartre, insanın sahip olduğu bu sorumluluk anlayışını tikel alandan uzaklaştırıp tümel bir alana taşımıştır.
The question of freedom is one of the most important issues starting with the history of mankind. Many philosophers and writers in the history of philosophy have had to deal with the problem of freedom from the moment they began to consider human beings as species. As a matter of fact, Jean Paul Sartre, who lives in the twentieth century and reflects on the problems of the time he lived, deeply influenced society with his thoughts and actions. Sartre's idea of freedom is based on his understanding of human beings, on the basis of which there is an understanding of being. Sartre, trying to shape and to make sense of the human being around his own being and the idea of being in himself, revealed his understanding of freedom within this framework.What is human existence? What is the nature of man as a species? Because one of the foundations of the concept of freedom is both a demand and a possibility of human beings, what are their possibilities? Sartre, who gets into trouble with the questions of his kind, deals with man as freedom on the basis of being. Considering freedom as a structure and texture of human existence, Sartre says that from the moment that there is one, it is free, that it exists, and that it is the same as it is free. Human beings are totally free from beginning to end. The person of consciousness who has left himself in this world and finds it extra, will re-establish itself with his actions and choices because the essence is not predetermined. At this point, Sartre, who says that man is condemned to freedom, does not mean freedom or freedom in an absolute sense. The person is responsible for all his actions, not only in his own name, but in the name of all humanity. Sartre moved this concept of responsibility, which the man has, from a particular point of view into a holistic space.
The question of freedom is one of the most important issues starting with the history of mankind. Many philosophers and writers in the history of philosophy have had to deal with the problem of freedom from the moment they began to consider human beings as species. As a matter of fact, Jean Paul Sartre, who lives in the twentieth century and reflects on the problems of the time he lived, deeply influenced society with his thoughts and actions. Sartre's idea of freedom is based on his understanding of human beings, on the basis of which there is an understanding of being. Sartre, trying to shape and to make sense of the human being around his own being and the idea of being in himself, revealed his understanding of freedom within this framework.What is human existence? What is the nature of man as a species? Because one of the foundations of the concept of freedom is both a demand and a possibility of human beings, what are their possibilities? Sartre, who gets into trouble with the questions of his kind, deals with man as freedom on the basis of being. Considering freedom as a structure and texture of human existence, Sartre says that from the moment that there is one, it is free, that it exists, and that it is the same as it is free. Human beings are totally free from beginning to end. The person of consciousness who has left himself in this world and finds it extra, will re-establish itself with his actions and choices because the essence is not predetermined. At this point, Sartre, who says that man is condemned to freedom, does not mean freedom or freedom in an absolute sense. The person is responsible for all his actions, not only in his own name, but in the name of all humanity. Sartre moved this concept of responsibility, which the man has, from a particular point of view into a holistic space.
Description
Keywords
Özgürlük, Varlık, Eylem, Sorumluluk, Seçme, Bunaltı, Freedom, Being, Action, Responsibility, Choice, Anxiety
Citation
Akkoç, N. (2018). Jean Paul Sartre'ın özgürlük anlayışı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.