Mali federalizmin ekonomi politiği: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri örneği
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Date
2018-07-06
Authors
Özkök, Yıldız
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çoğunlukla siyasi ve idari boyutta ele alınan federalizm, küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle özellikle son zamanlarda yoğun olarak mali boyutta da incelenmeye başlamıştır. Mali federalizm kavramının temelinde aslında yerel yönetimlerin harcama kararlarında özerk olmaları ve buna bağlı olarak da bu harcamalarının sorumluluğunu alabilmeleri için gelirlerini belirleyebilme yetkisine sahip olmaları yatmaktadır. Mali federalizm kavramının dünyada kabul görmesinin pek çok nedeni vardır. Bunlardan en önemlisi, kamu sektörünün verimliliğini ve performansını arttırarak, ülkenin daha iyi bir makroekonomik performansa ulaşmasına katkı sağlamasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, disiplinler arası bir zemine taşınan mali federalizmin ekonomi politiği, üzerinde durulması gereken önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle federalizm ve mali federalizm kavramları açıklanmıştır. Ardından mali federalizmin Birinci Kuşak Teorileri ile İkinci Kuşak Teorileri, bu teorilerin temel iddiaları, varsayımları ve dayanakları ekonomik ve politik bir zeminde detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Son olarak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde mali federalizmin ekonomi politiği incelenmiştir. Burada mali federalizmin değerlendirilmesinde ve tasarlanmasında kilit rol oynayan yönetimlerin gelirleri ve harcamaları incelenmiş ve ABD’de mali federalizm ile makroekonomik performansın önemli göstergelerinden biri olan ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek amacıyla ampirik çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, teorilerle uyumlu şekilde, yerel yönetimlerin harcamalarının toplam harcamalara oranı olarak hesaplanan mali federalizm oranı arttıkça ekonomik büyümenin olumlu yönde etkilendiği; ancak teorilerin aksine yerel yönetimlerin vergi gelirlerinin toplam gelirlere oranı yoluyla hesaplanan mali federalizm oranı arttıkça ekonomik büyümenin olumsuz yönde etkilendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The concept of federalism, which has generally discussed at the political and administrative aspects, has recently begun to be addressed extensively in financial dimension along with the effects of globalization. At the heart of the concept of fiscal federalism lies the fact that the local governments should be autonomous in their spending decisions and have the power to determine their revenues so that they can take responsibility for these expenditures. There are many reasons why the concept of fiscal federalism is accepted in the world. The most important one is that it contributes to a better macroeconomic performance for the country by improving efficiency and performance of public sector. Accordingly, the political economy of fiscal federalism, which is carried on an interdisciplinary basis, has become an important issue to be emphasized. In this study, firstly, federalism and fiscal federalism concepts were defined. After that the basic arguments, assumptions and bases of the First Generation Theory and Second Generation Theory of fiscal federalism were examined in detail on economic and political ground. Finally, political economy of fiscal federalism in the US was studied. In this section, the revenues and expenditures of governments which plays a key role in the evaluation and design of fiscal federalism were examined. In order to analyze the relationship between fiscal federalism and economic growth, which is one of the important indicators of macroeconomic performance, an empirical study was done. According to results, in accordance with theories, economic growth is positively affected by an increase of the rate of fiscal federalism which is calculated through the ratio of local expenditures to total expenditures; but in contrast to theories, economic growth is negatively affected by an increase of the rate of fiscal federalism which is calculated through the ratio of local tax revenues to total revenues.
The concept of federalism, which has generally discussed at the political and administrative aspects, has recently begun to be addressed extensively in financial dimension along with the effects of globalization. At the heart of the concept of fiscal federalism lies the fact that the local governments should be autonomous in their spending decisions and have the power to determine their revenues so that they can take responsibility for these expenditures. There are many reasons why the concept of fiscal federalism is accepted in the world. The most important one is that it contributes to a better macroeconomic performance for the country by improving efficiency and performance of public sector. Accordingly, the political economy of fiscal federalism, which is carried on an interdisciplinary basis, has become an important issue to be emphasized. In this study, firstly, federalism and fiscal federalism concepts were defined. After that the basic arguments, assumptions and bases of the First Generation Theory and Second Generation Theory of fiscal federalism were examined in detail on economic and political ground. Finally, political economy of fiscal federalism in the US was studied. In this section, the revenues and expenditures of governments which plays a key role in the evaluation and design of fiscal federalism were examined. In order to analyze the relationship between fiscal federalism and economic growth, which is one of the important indicators of macroeconomic performance, an empirical study was done. According to results, in accordance with theories, economic growth is positively affected by an increase of the rate of fiscal federalism which is calculated through the ratio of local expenditures to total expenditures; but in contrast to theories, economic growth is negatively affected by an increase of the rate of fiscal federalism which is calculated through the ratio of local tax revenues to total revenues.
Description
Keywords
Fiscal federalism, Fiscal decentralization, Federalism, Political economy, United States of America
Citation
Özkök, Y. (2018). Mali federalizmin ekonomi politiği: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri örneği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.