Bursa ili ayva bahçelerinde elma içkurdu [Cydia pomonella (L.)] ile mücadelede insektisit uygulamaları ile birlikte çiftleşmeyi engelleme tekniğinin kullanılması
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Date
2019-09-24
Authors
Solak, Koray
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Pestisitlerin bilinçsiz ve yoğun olarak kullanılması nedeniyle sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarında kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olarak biyoteknik mücadele uygulamaları son yıllarda entegre zararlı yönetiminde önemli bir mücadele yöntemi haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında, Bursa’nın Gürsu ilçesi ve Yunuseli mahallesinde Eşme çeşidi ayva bahçelerinde 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında feromon yayıcıların Cydia pomonella ile mücadelede etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Her biri 2 hektar olan 4 farklı bahçede, deneme parsellerinin her birinde Isomate-C Plus (Shin- Etsu, Japonya) feromon yayıcıları, hektara 1000 adet düşecek şekilde, ağacın gölge yerlerine, yerden 1,5-2 metre yükseklikte homojen bir şekilde asılmıştır. Tüm parsellerde insektisit uygulaması da yapılmıştır ancak deneme parsellerinde, kontrol parseline oranla insektisit uygulamaları azaltılmıştır. Cydia pomonella’nın Bursa ili Gürsu ilçesi ve Dereçavuş mahallesinde yılda 2 döl verdiği ve bu döllerinde yapılan uygulamalar içerisinde, gerek kontrol tuzaklarında ergin yakalanması gerekse meyve zararlarındaki oranlarında en iyi elde edilmiş başarının Feromon yayıcı uygulanan parsellerde gözlenmiştir. Feromon yayıcı asılan bahçelerde yıl boyunca 5 kez insektisit uygulaması yapılmışken, feromon yayıcı asılmayan bahçelerde yıl boyunca 9 kez insektisit uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Buna rağmen uygulamalar ve yıllar arasında karşılaştırma yapıldığında, her iki yılında sadece ilaçlama yapılmış alanların meyve sayımlarında yaklaşık %20 zarar, her iki yılında feromon yayıcı uygulanan alanlardaki ortalama zarar görmüş meyve sayısı ise %2 olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Feromon yayıcı uygulanan parsellerde yapılan ilaçlamaların sayısının az olmasına rağmen, elde edilen başarı oldukça yüksektir.
As a result of unconscious and intensive use of pesticides, biotechnical control has become an important control method in integrated pest management as an alternative to chemical control in sustainable agricultural practices. Within the framework of this research, the efficacy of pheromone dispensers for C. pomonella was evaluated in quince orchards of Eşme variety in Gürsu district and Yunuseli districts of Bursa in 2017 and 2018. In four different orchards, each of 2 hectares, Isomate-C Plus (Shin- Etsu, Japan) dispensers were homogeneously hung at a height of 1.5-2 meters above the shade of the tree at 1000 hectares per hectare. Insecticide was applied at all treatements. Insecticide applications were decreased in trial parcels compared to control parcels. Cydia pomonella gave 2 generations per year in Gürsu and Deçeravuş districts of Bursa, and in terms of the adult capture rates and fruit damage rates, the best results were achieved in parcels treated with pheromone dispensers. While insecticide was applied 5 times during the year in the orchards where pheromone dispensers were used, insecticide applications were performed 9 times during the year in the orchards where no pheromone dispensers were hung. However, when compared between applications and years, it was observed that the fruit counts of only sprayed areas were approximately 20% in both years and the average number of damaged fruits in areas treated with pheromone dispensers was 2% in both years. Although the number of pesticide sprayings in the parcels treated with pheromone dispensers was low, the level of control achieved was quite high.
As a result of unconscious and intensive use of pesticides, biotechnical control has become an important control method in integrated pest management as an alternative to chemical control in sustainable agricultural practices. Within the framework of this research, the efficacy of pheromone dispensers for C. pomonella was evaluated in quince orchards of Eşme variety in Gürsu district and Yunuseli districts of Bursa in 2017 and 2018. In four different orchards, each of 2 hectares, Isomate-C Plus (Shin- Etsu, Japan) dispensers were homogeneously hung at a height of 1.5-2 meters above the shade of the tree at 1000 hectares per hectare. Insecticide was applied at all treatements. Insecticide applications were decreased in trial parcels compared to control parcels. Cydia pomonella gave 2 generations per year in Gürsu and Deçeravuş districts of Bursa, and in terms of the adult capture rates and fruit damage rates, the best results were achieved in parcels treated with pheromone dispensers. While insecticide was applied 5 times during the year in the orchards where pheromone dispensers were used, insecticide applications were performed 9 times during the year in the orchards where no pheromone dispensers were hung. However, when compared between applications and years, it was observed that the fruit counts of only sprayed areas were approximately 20% in both years and the average number of damaged fruits in areas treated with pheromone dispensers was 2% in both years. Although the number of pesticide sprayings in the parcels treated with pheromone dispensers was low, the level of control achieved was quite high.
Description
Keywords
Çiftleşmenin engellenmesi, Quince, Ayva, Elma iç kurdu, Feromon yayıcı, Biyoteknik mücadele, Codling moth, Pheromone, Mating disruption
Citation
Solak, K. (2019). Bursa ili ayva bahçelerinde elma içkurdu [Cydia pomonella (L.)] ile mücadelede insektisit uygulamaları ile birlikte çiftleşmeyi engelleme tekniğinin kullanılması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.