Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesindeki hastane enfeksiyonları
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Date
2014-02-13
Authors
Parlak, Emine
Kahveci, Hasan
Alay, Handan Köksal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Giriş: Hastane enfeksiyonları, yenidoğanlarda önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Bu nedenle yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinin enfeksiyon etkenleri ve antimikrobiyal direnç durumunun bilinmesi rasyonel antibiyotik kullanımı açısından çok önemlidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde 2009-2011 yılları arasında saptanan hastane enfeksiyonları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ulusal Hastane Enfeksiyonları Sürveyans Kontrol Birimi verileri doğrultusunda, izole edilen suşlar, antibiyotik duyarlılıkları, invaziv araç kullanımı, enfeksiyon hızları ve enfeksiyon çeşitleri hesaplandı. Bulgular: Toplam 4258 hasta, 34625 hasta günü, 6536 ventilatör günü, 98 üriner kateter günü, 601 santral venöz kateter günü ve 590 umblikal kateter günü izlendi. Hastane enfeksiyon hızı %3,26 (139/4258), hastane enfeksiyon insidans dansitesi %4,01 bulundu. Pnömoni 61’le (%43,88) ilk sıradaydı. Enfeksiyon etkeni olarak izole edilen suş sayısı 36 idi. Gram-negatif etkenler 23 (%63,88), gram-pozitifler 8 (%22,22) ve Kandida spp. 5 (%13,88) oranındaydı. En sık izole edilen gramnegatif izolat Klebsiella spp. 7 (%19,4) ve Pseudomonas spp. 7 (%19,4) idi. Enterobacteriaceae’lerde en etkili antibiyotikler meropenem ve imipenem olarak belirlendi. Gram-negatif enterik basillerde, genişlemiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz pozitifliği %63,64 olarak bulundu. Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitemizde ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni hızı 6,73, ventilatör kullanım oranı %19 bulundu. Sonuç: Her yoğun bakım ünitesi etkenlerini belirlemeli ve antimikrobiyal direnç paternlerini izlemelidir. Ampirik antibiyotik tedavi stratejilerini oluşturmalıdır. Hastane enfeksiyonlarının azaltılması veya tamamen önlenmesi aktif sürveyans sisteminin yürütülmesi, enfeksiyon kontrol kurallarına uyulması, alet kullanımının sınırlandırılması ve rasyonel antibiyotik kullanım kurallarına uyulması ile mümkün olabilir.
Introduction: Nosocomial infections are one of the important mortality and morbidity reasons among newborns. For this reason recognition of infection factors and the resistance to antimicrobials in intensive care unit is very important in terms of rational antibiotic use. Materials and Methods: Nosocomial infections seen in our neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Isolated strains, antibiotic sensitivities, the use of invasive tool, infectious species and infection rates were determined according to the data provided by National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Control Unit. Results: A total of 4258 patients were observed for 34625 patient days, 6536 ventilator days, 98 urinary catheter days, 601 central venous catheter days and 590 umbilical catheter days. The infection rate was 3.26% (139/4258) and the incident density was 4.01‰. Pneumonia was on the first rank (61; 43%) and it was in ventilator association form. 36 strains were isolated as the infectious agents. The rates of gram negative factors was 23 (63.88%), gram positive factors was 8 (22.22%) and Candida spp. was 5 (13.88 %). The most frequently isolated gram negative strains were Klebsiella spp. (7; 19.4%) and Pseudomonas spp. (7; 19.4 %). The most effective antibiotics in Enterobactericeae spp. were meropenem and imipenem. In enteric gram-negative rods, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positivity was 63.64%. In the neonatal intensive care unit, ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was 6.73% and the ventilator use ratio was 19%. Conclusions: In conclusion, each intensive care unit should determne the factors and follow antimicrobial resistant patterns. Empiric antibiotic treatment strategy should be established. Decreasing or totally preventing hospital infections would be possible by active surveillance system, adoption infection control guidelines, limitation of instrument use and rational antibiotic use rules.
Introduction: Nosocomial infections are one of the important mortality and morbidity reasons among newborns. For this reason recognition of infection factors and the resistance to antimicrobials in intensive care unit is very important in terms of rational antibiotic use. Materials and Methods: Nosocomial infections seen in our neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Isolated strains, antibiotic sensitivities, the use of invasive tool, infectious species and infection rates were determined according to the data provided by National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Control Unit. Results: A total of 4258 patients were observed for 34625 patient days, 6536 ventilator days, 98 urinary catheter days, 601 central venous catheter days and 590 umbilical catheter days. The infection rate was 3.26% (139/4258) and the incident density was 4.01‰. Pneumonia was on the first rank (61; 43%) and it was in ventilator association form. 36 strains were isolated as the infectious agents. The rates of gram negative factors was 23 (63.88%), gram positive factors was 8 (22.22%) and Candida spp. was 5 (13.88 %). The most frequently isolated gram negative strains were Klebsiella spp. (7; 19.4%) and Pseudomonas spp. (7; 19.4 %). The most effective antibiotics in Enterobactericeae spp. were meropenem and imipenem. In enteric gram-negative rods, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positivity was 63.64%. In the neonatal intensive care unit, ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was 6.73% and the ventilator use ratio was 19%. Conclusions: In conclusion, each intensive care unit should determne the factors and follow antimicrobial resistant patterns. Empiric antibiotic treatment strategy should be established. Decreasing or totally preventing hospital infections would be possible by active surveillance system, adoption infection control guidelines, limitation of instrument use and rational antibiotic use rules.
Description
Keywords
Hastane enfeksiyonları, Sürveyans, Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi, Nosocomial infections, Surveillance, Newborn intensive care unit
Citation
Parlak, E. vd. (2014). "Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesindeki hastane enfeksiyonları". Güncel Pediatri, 12(1), 1-8.