Nedensellik, bilim ve metafizik
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Date
2008
Authors
Yaldır, Hülya
Kiraz, Sibel
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bilim, nedenleri ve etkileri tanımlanan doğal olayların daha iyi bir şekilde anlaşılabileceğini varsayar. Pek çok durumda bilimsel metot, meydana gelen her olayın kendisini belli bir etkinin izlediği özel bir nedene sahip olduğunu kabul eder. Buna göre, etkiler nedenlerin deneyimsel bilgisinden sonuç olarak çıkarsanabileceği gibi, nedenlerin bilgisi de etkilerin bilgisinden türetilebilir. Neden, bir şeyin niçin meydana geldiğini açıklarken, sonuç, ne olduğunu betimler. Tabiat ya da bilim hakkındaki bütün çalışmalar, neden ve etki, yani nedensellik yasasıyla ilgilidir. Bu makalede, nedenlerde var olduğu farz edilen ‘kuvvet’, ‘etkinlik’ veya üretken güç’ kavramını ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele aldıktan sonra, bilimin temel aldığı nedensellik ilkesinin esasında hiçbir mantıksal ve deneysel dayanağının olmadığını göstermeye çalışacağım.
Science generally assumes that many natural phenomena are better understood by describing their causes and effects. In most cases, scientific method presupposes that whatever takes place has a specific cause followed by a specific effect. The procedure here involves the fact that effect can be deduced or induced from an empirical knowledge of causes, and that knowledge of causes can be derived from knowledge of effects. While the cause explains why something happens, the effect describes what happens. Almost all writings about science and nature are concerned with cause and effect, namely the law of causality. In this paper, firstly I want to take a detailed look at the conception of the supposed ‘force’, ‘efficacy’ or ‘productive power’ of causes; and then I shall try to show that there is no logical and empirical justification for the idea of ‘necessity’ on which science relies.
Science generally assumes that many natural phenomena are better understood by describing their causes and effects. In most cases, scientific method presupposes that whatever takes place has a specific cause followed by a specific effect. The procedure here involves the fact that effect can be deduced or induced from an empirical knowledge of causes, and that knowledge of causes can be derived from knowledge of effects. While the cause explains why something happens, the effect describes what happens. Almost all writings about science and nature are concerned with cause and effect, namely the law of causality. In this paper, firstly I want to take a detailed look at the conception of the supposed ‘force’, ‘efficacy’ or ‘productive power’ of causes; and then I shall try to show that there is no logical and empirical justification for the idea of ‘necessity’ on which science relies.
Description
Keywords
Tümevarım problemi, Hume, al-Gazzali, Kant, Özgür irade, Kuantum, The Problem of induction, Freedom, Quantum
Citation
Yaldır, H. ve Kiraz, S. (2008). "Nedensellik, bilim ve metafizik". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 11, 147-163.