El-Enbârî'nin Mu'allakât şerhine Basra ve Kûfe dil ekollerinin yansıması
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Date
2018-05-11
Authors
Haruni, Seyfettin
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İslâmî fetihlerle birlikte Arap orduları çok geniş sınırlara sahip olan bir imparatorluğun üzerinde egemen oldu. Fethedilen birçok çok yerde Arapça konuşanlar azınlıktaydı. Gayri Müslimler veya yeni Müslüman olmuş insanların çoğu, Arapça'yı eğitimin gerektirdiği kurallara uymadan öğrendi. Bu dönemlerde Arap dili orijinalliğini korumakta oldukça zorlanmış ve dilde lahn (dil hataları) zuhûr etmeye başlamıştır. Günlük konuşmaları aşıp Kur'ân'ın yanlış okunmasına kadar giden bu dil bozulmaları (el-lahn), özellikle Arap dili gramerinin tespitini gerektirmiştir. Bu ihtiyaca yönelik dil çalışmaları önce Basra'da, yaklaşık bir asır sonra da ona paralel olarak Kûfe'de başlamıştır. Bu iki muhitteki dil ve edebiyat çalışmalarının farklı usûl ve prensipleri, meseleleri kendilerine mahsus bir düşünceyle ele alış ve inceleyiş tarzları olan iki filoloji ekolün doğmasına yol açmıştır. Dil ekolleri arasındaki hilaf meselesi tarih boyunca eserlerde konu edinmiştir. Unutulmamalıdır ki Arap dil bilimi tarihi içerisinde zaman zaman aynı ekolün mensupları arasında zuhûr eden ihtilâf iki farklı ekolün mensupları arasındaki ihtilâftan daha şiddetli boyutlarda olabiliyordu. Bu yönüyle hilâf meselesinin mukayeseli olarak ilmî ve fikrî çerçeve içerisinde incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Üç asır kadar devam eden Arap dili gramerinin tespiti sırasında, Kur'ân'dan sonra başvurulan en önemli kaynaklardan bir tanesi şüphesiz şiirdi. Eski Arap şiiri denilince de akla ilk gelen, eşsiz güzelliklerinden ötürü İslâm öncesi devirde Kâbe'nin duvarlarına asılmış olduğu diye anlatılan, bizim de bu çalışmada Kûfe ekolü imamı el-Enbârî'nin şerhini inceleyeceğimiz mu'allaka şiirleridir.
Along with the Islamic conquests, Arab armies became dominant over an empire with very wide margins. Many conquered Arabic-speaking people were in a minority. Many non-Muslims or new Muslims learned Arabic without complying the grammatical rules. During this period, it became very difficult to maintain the authenticity of the language and lahn (language mistakes) began to appear. The language distortion (el-lahn) in everyday conversations exceeded to that extent that leaded to misreading the Quran, and that is why it is required to determine Arabic language grammar in particular. Necessary language studies were first initiated in Basra and parallelly, after about a century later, they started in Kufa. These two scopes, who had different principles and methods of language and literature studies, led to the birth of two philological schools. These schools had distinctive methodology and research approach. However, in the history of Arabic language studies, the conflicts that occasionally occurred among the members of the same school, could have been more severe than the conflicts between the members of two different schools. In this respect, it is important to examine the contravention between the schools directions from both intellectual and political frames. During the discernment of Arabic grammar, which lasted for three centuries, poetry was undoubtedly one of the most important referenced sources, after the Quran. When mentioning Arabic classical poetry, muallaka is the first association, which because of its unique beauty was hanged on the walls of Kaba, in that time. In this study we will examine the commentary of al-Anbarri, the imam of Kufa school.
Along with the Islamic conquests, Arab armies became dominant over an empire with very wide margins. Many conquered Arabic-speaking people were in a minority. Many non-Muslims or new Muslims learned Arabic without complying the grammatical rules. During this period, it became very difficult to maintain the authenticity of the language and lahn (language mistakes) began to appear. The language distortion (el-lahn) in everyday conversations exceeded to that extent that leaded to misreading the Quran, and that is why it is required to determine Arabic language grammar in particular. Necessary language studies were first initiated in Basra and parallelly, after about a century later, they started in Kufa. These two scopes, who had different principles and methods of language and literature studies, led to the birth of two philological schools. These schools had distinctive methodology and research approach. However, in the history of Arabic language studies, the conflicts that occasionally occurred among the members of the same school, could have been more severe than the conflicts between the members of two different schools. In this respect, it is important to examine the contravention between the schools directions from both intellectual and political frames. During the discernment of Arabic grammar, which lasted for three centuries, poetry was undoubtedly one of the most important referenced sources, after the Quran. When mentioning Arabic classical poetry, muallaka is the first association, which because of its unique beauty was hanged on the walls of Kaba, in that time. In this study we will examine the commentary of al-Anbarri, the imam of Kufa school.
Description
Keywords
el-Enbari, Nahiv, Sarf, Mu’allaka, Basra ve Kufe Dil Ekolleri, al-Anbari, Nahv, Sarf, Basra, Kufa, Mu’allaqa, Grammar School
Citation
Haruni, S. (2018). El-Enbârî'nin Mu'allakât şerhine Basra ve Kûfe dil ekollerinin yansıması. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.